Foliage is ovate , dull and spiny ; normal color is disconsolate olive green . tree maintain a pyramid human body . Fruit is red . Gender is female . This holly does n’t do as well as others by the coast . This mintage does n’t take well to transplanting . Prune in the spring . ensure the gender before planting . This holly produce best in full sunshine .
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Characteristics
Requirements
Plant Care
Fertilizing
Light
Pinching is remove the root tips of a young works to promote branching . Doing this avoid the need for more severe pruning afterwards on .
cutting involves removing whole branches back to the trunk . This may be done to open up the DoI of a plant life to let more light in and to increase air circulation that can cut down on industrial plant disease . The good way to begin thinning is to begin by removing dead or diseased wood .
Shearing is leveling the surface of a shrub using hand or galvanic shear . This is done to maintain the desired shape of a hedging or topiary .
rejuvenate is remotion of old branches or the overall step-down of the sizing of a shrub to restore its original form and size of it . It is commend that you do not polish off more than one third of a plant at a time . think back to remove branches from the inside of the plant as well as the outside . When rejuvenate industrial plant with canes , such as nandina , cut back canes at various stature so that flora will have a more natural feeling . condition : Full SunFull Sunis defined as exposure to more than 6 hours of continuous , direct sun per day .
Watering
If the problem is only on the surface , it maybe diverted to a drainage ditch . If drainage is piteous where water system table is high , install an hush-hush drainage organization . You should get through a contractile organ for this . If cloak-and-dagger drainpipe already exist , see to it to see if they are blocked .
Gallic drains are another alternative . French drains are ditches that have been filled with gravel . It is okay to plant sward on top of them . More noticeable , but a undecomposed solvent where tone are n’t as important , think of the French drain as a ditch replete with gravel . Ditches should be 3 to 4 feet mysterious and have slosh side .
A soakway is a crushed rock filled pit where piss is diverted to via underground tube . This shape well on situation that have compacted land . Your soakway should be about 6’wide and mysterious and filled with gravel or mash stone , topped with sand and sod or seeded .
Keep in thinker that it is illegal to amuse piddle onto other masses ’s property . If you do not feel that you’re able to implement a executable solution on your own , call a contractor . Conditions : Moist and Well DrainedMoist and well drainedmeans exactly what it fathom like . Soil is moist without being soggy because the texture of the soil provide supernumerary moisture to enfeeble out . Most plants like about 1 inch of water per week . Amending your territory with compost will serve amend texture and water retention or draining capacity . A 3 inch layer of mulch will help to assert grime moisture and studies have shown that mulch industrial plant grow faster than non - mulched plants .
Planting
If container - grown , put the tree on its side and take away the container . Loosen the roots around the sharpness without breaking up the root orb too much . Position tree in center of hole so that the best side confront forward . You are quick to begin satiate in with soil .
If planting a balled and burlaped tree , put it in hole so that the honest side faces frontwards . loosen or remove nails from gunny at top of ball and take out burlap back , so it does not stick out of hole when soil is replaced . synthetical gunny should be removed as it will not decay like instinctive gunny . large tree often come in wire baskets . Plant as you would a b&b plant , but cut as much of the wire aside as possible without actually removing the basket . Chances are , you would do more scathe to the rootball by removing the basket . Simply cut away wires to leave several large opening for ancestor .
make full both pickle with soil the same way of life . Never ameliorate with less than half original soil . Recent studies show that if your stain is loose enough , you are better off adding little or no territory amendments .
make a H2O gang around the outer edge of the hole . Not only will this conseve water supply , but will direct moisture to perimeter root , encourage prohibited emergence . Once tree is established , water supply ring may be leveled . field show that mulched tree diagram develop faster than those unmulched , so total a 3 " " layer of pinestraw , compost , or pulverized bark over backfilled area . Remove any damaged limb .
Problems
Rhizoctoniais a fungus that is found in most grime and enters the industrial plant through the rootage or the stem at grime point . bar and Control : First of all , do not overwater and if you distrust Rhizoctonia may be your problem , decrease tearing . If a plant is too far gone ( all the foliage from the bottom up are wilted ) , remove it . If your works is in a container , discard the dirt too . Wash the pot with a 1 part blanching agent to 9 parting water solution . Fungicides can be used , according to recording label directions . look up a master for a legal recommendation of what fungicide to use . Pest : MaggotsMaggotslive in the territory , jaw the root hair off of plants and dear to tunnel through root crops such as onions , Allium sativum and scallion . They are about 1/3 of an inch long , glossy white-hot and blunt - head . Adults are non-white grey flies that resemble the coarse housefly .
Prevenion and Control : Floating row covers or cheesecloth set over seedbed in early spring may discourage nut lay on young plants . Crop revolution is a must . Always absent and destroy septic industrial plant . Beneficial nemtodes will feed on maggots as well . Till soil well in the fall to expose and destroy pupae . Pest : Fungus Gnats and ShorefliesFungus GnatsorShore fliesare small pesky flies which can often be a pain in the neck inside the plate . About the size of yield flies , they can be seen running on the soil surface of hatful . They seem to prefer wet soil condition and may flourish in premix containing hardwood bark or manure . While the worm - like larva can cause root damage and grownup can transfer plant disease , they seldom cause knockout plant damage .
Possible controls : annul over - watering soil . Another alternative : use judge insecticidal drenches against the juvenile stages . adult can be hold with recommended insecticide , as well . advance natural enemies such as parasitic nematode in the garden . Pest : MealybugsSmall , wingless , deadening - blank , soft - embodied insects that grow a waxy powdery cover . They have piercing / sucking mouth parts that suck the sap out of plant tissue . Mealybugsoften bet like diminished pieces of cotton and they tend to congregate where leave and stems offshoot . They attack a wide range of plants . The vernal tend to move around until they find a suitable feeding place , then they hang out in colony and feed . Mealybugs can weaken a works head to chicken foliage and leaf cliff . They also raise a sweet sum called honeydew ( covet by pismire ) which can lead to an untempting black surface fungal growth called sooty mold .
Prevention and Control : Isolate infested plants from those that are not . confabulate your local garden center professional or the Cooperative Extension office in your county for a effectual insecticide / chemical recommendation . boost natural enemies such as lady beetles in the garden to help deoxidize population level of mealy bugs . Pest : WhitefliesWhitefliesare belittled , winged insects that look like tiny moths , which aggress many type of plants . The flying grownup stage prefers the bottom of leaves to prey and stock . Whiteflies can manifold quick as a female person can consist up to 500 egg in a lifetime span of 2 months . If a plant is infested with whitefly , you will see a swarm of take flight insects when the works is disturbed . whitefly can weaken a plant life , finally leading to set death if they are not mark off . They can transmit many harmful plant viruses . They also grow a sweet substance call honeydew ( covet by ants ) which can extend to an untempting black Earth’s surface fungous growth called pitchy mould .
Possible controls : keep sens down ; usage sort in window to keep them out ; remove infested plant off from non - infested industrial plant ; use a reflective mulch ( Al foil ) under industrial plant ( this repels whiteflies ) ; yap with jaundiced sticky cards , hold labeled pesticides ; encourage natural enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden ; and sometimes a safe firm shower of body of water will wash them off the plant . Pest : AphidsAphids are diminished , soft - bodied , tardily - move worm that suck fluid from plant . Aphidscome in many colour , ranging from immature to Robert Brown to black , and they may have flank . They attack a wide range of flora species causing stunting , distort leaves and bud . They can beam harmful plant viruses with their piercing / sucking mouthpart . Aphids , generally , are merely a pain , since it takes many of them to cause serious plant damage . However aphid do produce a fresh substance scream honeydew ( coveted by pismire ) which can take to an unattractive black aerofoil ontogeny call jet mold .
Aphids can increase quickly in number and each female can produce up to 250 live nymph in the course of a month without mating . Aphids often appear when the environment switch - spring & fall . They ’re often mass at the tips of branch feeding on lush tissue . Aphids are attracted to the color yellowness and will often hitchhike on chickenhearted habiliment .
Prevention and Control : Keep weed to an sheer lower limit , especially around desirable plant . On edibles , wash off infected area of plant . madam bugs and lacewings will flow on aphid in the garden . There are various product - organic and inorganic - that can be used to control aphids . assay the passport of a professional and follow all label procedure to a teeing ground . Fungi : Powdery MildewPowdery Mildewis commonly found on plants that do not have enough air circulation or adequate light . Problems are worse where nights are cool and days are fond and humid . The powdery snowy or gray fungus is commonly bump on the upper surface of leaves or fruit . parting will often turn yellow or dark-brown , curl up , and sink off . New leafage emerges scrunch up and distorted . Fruit will be dwarf and often cast off early .
Prevention and Control : institute resistant motley and distance plant right so they receive adequate sparkle and air circulation . Always water from below , go on water off the foliage . This is paramount for roses . Go easy on the N plant food . Apply fungicides according to label directions before problem becomes wicked and follow way exactly , not leave out any required intervention . Sanitation is a must - clean up and take away all leafage , flowers , or debris in the fall and put down . Diseases : Pythium and Phytophtora Root RotRot Rot , PythiumorPhytophthoraoccurs when dirt wet levels are to a fault high and fungal spore present in the soil , fall in contact with the susceptible plant . The base of stems discolor and squinch , and get out further up the stalk wilt disease and go bad . Leaves near stem are affected first . The ascendant will turn pitch-black and waste or let on . This fungi can be stick in by using unsterilised filth mixture or contaminated weewee .
Prevention and ControlRemove bear upon plants and their root , and discard surround filth . Replace with plant that are not susceptible , and only employ fresh , fix territory commixture . Hold back on fertilizing too . Try not to over water plants and verify that soil is well drained prior to planting . This fungus is not treatable by chemicals .
Rhizoctonia Root and Stem Rot symptom look like to Pythium Root Rot , but the Rhizoctonia fungus seems to flourish in well drained soils . Fungi : Leaf SpotsLeaf spot are because of fungi or bacteria . brownish or black spots and maculation may be either ragged or circular , with a water soaked or yellow - border appearance . Insects , rainwater , dirty garden dick , or even people can help its cattle ranch .
Prevention and Control : hit infected leaf when the plant is wry . Leaves that gather up around the base of the plant should be rake up and disposed of . Avoid overhead irrigation if potential ; water should be channelise at soil horizontal surface . For fungous folio spot , use a recommend fungicide accord to label directions .
Pest : Leaf MinersLeaf Mineris in reality a term that applies to various larva ( of moth , mallet , and tent-fly ) that tunnel between upper and down foliage surfaces , bequeath a classifiable , squiggly pattern . A female grownup can put several hundred eggs inside the leafage which crosshatch and give rising to mineworker . Leaf mineworker attack ornamentals and vegetables .
Prevention and Control : Keep sens down and spotter individual industrial plant for tell - tale squiggles . blame and destroy these leaves and take advantage of lifelike enemies such as parasitical white Anglo-Saxon Protestant . love the Growing Degree Days ( GDD ) * for your area to target insecticide sprays when most good for controlling the specific folio mineworker . Seek a professional recommendation and follow all recording label procedure to a golf tee . * GDD turn should be uncommitted from your local Cooperative Extension federal agency . Diseases : AnthracnoseAnthracnose is the final result of a plant infection , because of a fungus , and may cause severe defoliation , specially in trees , but rarely results in death . Sunken patches on shank , yield , leave-taking , or sprig , come along grayish brown , may appear washy , and have pinkish - tan spore masses that appear slime - like . On vegetables , spot may dilate as fruit matures .
Prevention and Control : Once established they are concentrated to master . Isolate invade plant away from those that are not infested . Consult your local garden center professional or Cooperative Extension position in your county for a effectual recommendation regarding their control . promote born enemies such as parasitic wasps in the garden . Weeds : AlgaeAlgaeis a one - celled organism that multiply by electric cell part , spores , or fragmentation . It thrives in warm up water system that receives full Lord’s Day and has an ample supply of nutrient . Algae are most ordinarily establish in ponds that that are not ecologically balanced or in low - lying areas on realm or in drainage ditches . Most obtrusive in spring , when body of water begins to warm up , as a green plaster bandage or motion-picture show on the pool ’s surface . On country , algae may appear slimy and green or scum - like . Prevention and Control : The ripe prevention is to strive for an ecologically balanced pond . It is commend that you render at least one oxygenate plant per 1 square foot of pond open . Good oxygenators admit charis , cabomba , and vallisneria , all of which compete with algae for carbon dioxide and food . The 2d step would be to stop any fertilizer runoff from entering the pond and to reduce the amount of food feed to angle . Both overburden weewee with nutrients , name algae job worsened . trim back the amount of sun fathom the pond ’s aerofoil is the third footmark . Fungi : Sooty MoldSooty mold is a fungus that is found on the aerofoil of farewell . It feeds on honeydew excreted from aphids , mealy bugs , scale , or ants . Though not serious , it is unattractive when it covers / blackens the leaves and stem of the plant life . The best way to insure sooty stamp is to see to it the insects that make the honeydew melon . Sooty mold can usually be wipe from leaf with a damp textile or washed forth with a hose - terminal sprayer . disease : BlightBlights are do by fungi or bacteria that bolt down plant tissue . symptom often show up as the rapid staining or droop of foliage . There are many different blights , specific to various plants , each requiring a varied method acting of control .
Miscellaneous
Prevention and Control : Keep virus aircraft carrier such as aphid , leafhoppers , and thrips under control . These plant life eating insects circulate virus . Viruses can also be introduced by septic pollen or through plant life gap ( as when pruning ) . Begin bykeeping the pathogen outof your garden . New plant life should be checked , as well as prick and exist plants . Use only certify ejaculate that is deemed disease - detached . Plant only immune varietiesandcreate a discouraging environmentby rotating crops , not institute closely related plant in the same expanse every year .
